(1) Friction-type high-strength bolts take the sliding between plate layers as the ultimate state of bearing capacity. (2) Pressure-bearing high-strength bolts take the sliding between the plates as the normal service limit state, and the connection failure as the bearing capacity limit state. Friction-type high-strength bolts cannot fully exploit the potential of bolts. In practical applications, for very important structures or structures subject to dynamic loads, especially when the load causes reverse stress, friction-type high-strength bolts should be used. At this time, the unutilized bolt potential can be used as a safety reserve. In other places, pressure-bearing high-strength bolts should be used to reduce the cost.
